Sample Collection
Sample collection is the foundational step in any analytical, diagnostic, or regulatory testing process. Whether for microbiological, chemical, or sensory analysis, the accuracy and reliability of results depend heavily on how well the sample is collected, preserved, and transported.
Key Principles
- Representativeness: The sample must reflect the characteristics of the entire batch, lot, or environment.
- Aseptic Technique: Prevents contamination during collection, especially for microbiological testing.
- Traceability: Each sample must be clearly labeled with source, date/time, collector ID, and purpose.
- Preservation: Use of appropriate containers, temperature control, and preservatives to maintain sample integrity.
- Chain of Custody: Documentation of sample handling from collection to analysis, especially for regulatory or legal purposes.
Types of Samples
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Sample Type
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Examples
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Purpose
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Best Practices
- Use sterile, labeled containers appropriate for the sample type
- Follow sampling plans (e.g., ISO 707, ISO 18593, FDA BAM)
- Maintain cold chain for perishable or temperature-sensitive samples
- Collect sufficient volume for all required tests (including repeats)
- Document sampling location, method, and conditions
Regulatory & Quality Context
- ISO 17025: Requires documented sampling procedures and traceability
- FSQMS:
- FDA FSMA: Emphasizes environmental and finished product sampling
- GFSI Schemes: Require risk-based sampling and trend analysis
- Codex Alimentarius: Provides international guidance on sampling for food safety
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